NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 1 LINKING OUR MEMBERS TO MARKETS NCT FORESTRY AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE LIMITED In this issue: NUMBER 114 • SEPTEMBER 2025 • Tree Farmer Award • NCT Employee Profile • Forestry Facts
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NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 3 Congratulations to Godi Nsele (L) and Matthew Crowe (R) and who are NCT’s 2025 Tree-Farmer-of-the-Year winners in the Small Grower and Commercial Grower categories respectively. Our prize winners each received trophy and a chainsaw sponsored by PMB Power Products and Stihl Pietermaritzburg. This important award was first presented in 2001 to acknowledge farmers who have cultivated and enhanced their operations.
4 Godi Isaac Nsele, a proud agroforestry farmer from Manguzi, has been named NCT’s 2025 Tree Farmer of the Year – a recognition of decades of resilience, entrepreneurship, and community upliftment. His journey began humbly in the early 1970s, working in the kitchens for the South African Railways. After earning his driver’s license, he left his job in search of better opportunities in the private sector. But just three weeks into his new role, he was falsely accused of stealing beer – despite being a non-drinker – and was abruptly dismissed. With only R150 in his pocket, he turned to his uncle for support. In 1974, he joined his uncle in the clothing trade, sourcing garments from Durban and selling them in Empangeni. This venture lasted six successful years. By 1977, he had managed to purchase his first bakkie, which he used for both the business and transporting passengers between Mozambique and Empangeni. In 1981, Mr Nsele ventured into farming, establishing a 2ha banana plantation in the swamps of Kosi Bay – a business that flourished. However, in 1989, his land was expropriated by Ezemvelo for environmental conservation. He used the compensation to purchase his first tractor and, with profits from the banana trade, built two general-dealer shops. When the forestry industry began promoting community afforestation in Zululand in the early 1980s, Mr Nsele seized the opportunity and planted his first timber plots. Around this time, his political activism led to his arrest. Thankfully, he was released in time to harvest his first trees in 1997. In preparation, he had already joined NCT in 1996. Once he realised the potential of forestry, Mr Nsele handed over the management of his shops to his wives and dedicated himself fully to his plantations. Today, he employs ten full-time workers and five seasonal workers. His son’s contracting business handles harvesting, creating further employment within the family. Mr Nsele is also known for his generosity in helping others. He supports aspiring timber farmers in his community by planting and harvesting the first rotation for them. Once the landowners inherit the coppice, they are empowered to continue independently. Adding to his growing list of achievements, Mr Nsele recently purchased a brand-new truck, which he uses not only to transport his own timber but also to assist fellow farmers in his area. His journey from hardship to leadership reflects a remarkable legacy of perseverance, vision, and giving back – values that embody the true spirit of the Tree-Farmer-of-the-Year. Godi Isaac Nsele and Matthew Crowe were awarded the prestigious Tree Farmer of the Year awards in the Small Grower and Commercial Grower categories respectively. The award is in recognition of exceptional silvicultural practice, environmental management, and augmentation of operations. Small-scale tree-farmer-of-the-year 2025 Godi Isaac Nsele l–r: Christo Müller, Babazile and Godi Nsele with NCT Chairman, Vern Schefermann
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 5 Burnt brushwood prior to planting Harvesting operation Young, healthy tree developed with seedlings from Nsele’s nursery Young, healthy trees New plants on well-prepared land Orchard diversifies from production
6 Commercial Tree-Farmer-of-the-Year for 2025 Fairfield Estate NCT’s annual recognition of commercial growers farming their land responsibly and sustainably has certainly gained momentum showing that the need to look after one’s assets to ensure a high yield is achieved at rotation has become part of the day-to-day business. This year’s finalists have the land at heart and are farming for the future with operations of a high standard making the judging for the winner extremely challenging. All the finalists for 2025 were FSC certified, showing the realisation that the market demand for certified timber is the new reality. When commending the runners-up, NCT’s Roger Poole said, “I commend the runners up on their efficient operations and their investment in the future, evident from the farming operations judged in 2025”. The Commercial Tree-farmer-of-the-year for 2025 is Fairfield Estates (Pty) Ltd based in Sevenoaks in the KZN Midlands, owned and managed by Matthew and Karien Crowe. The farm has been operational since 1933 when Jasper Crowe bought Fairfield and later, in 1970, purchased Langverwacht the neighbouring farm from Illovo Sugar. Matthew returned to the farm in 2000 after spending 5 years in USA and farmed alongside his dad and brothers. In 2019 Matthew purchased his brother’s portion of the farm and is the fourth generation on Fairfield Estates. The farm’s area totals 1127ha, timber accounting for 982ha comprising of 480ha of Acacia mearnsii seedlings and AF01/SF644 clones. There are 26ha planted to Acacia decurrens that Matthew has planted instead of E. dunnii to capitalise on the bark mills now accepting Green Wattle bark; the timber has been acceptable by NCT for a while. The area under Eucalyptus is 348ha planted to GxN and E. dunnii, due to serve damage by Gonipterus scutelatus (Eucalyptus Snout Beetle). Matthew is phasing out any future E. dunnii plantings replacing them, depending on the site, with GxN, Wattle clones or Green Wattle. Karien and Matthew Crowe with Duncan Fryer of Stihl
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 7 Acacia decurrens planted to replace E. dunnii Matthew’s outlook on silvicultural practices is not set in stone. He is open to trying various planting espacements to see how the trees will grow and what the quality and yield of the timber will be at rotation. To this end he has changed his rotation age on his GxN’s to between five and six years depending on the site quality so that he is able to supply a local pole-processing plant with smaller diameter fencing and building poles. He is also looking at various ways of managing his harvesting trash, trying not to burn on sensitive sites as shown above. Historically this compartment was severely damaged in a wildfire that destroyed the humus and organic matter layers which was a concern to Matthew for future rotations. A decision was made not to burn the harvesting trash, instead Matthew left it as is and replanted it to Green Wattle in the hope that the decomposing material and the Green Wattle, being a legume, will add nitrogen to the soil therefore improving the quality of the soil. In a recently planted GxN2107 compartment Matthew planted a small area to the new GxN311 clone so he can compare the growth, stem form, yield and susceptibility to pest and disease outbreaks during the rotation to see if this is the new clone for Fairfield Estates. The harvesting operations are carried out by a local contractor who has been working on the farm since Matthew’s father’s time using the old tried and tested motor manual harvesting system. Trees are left to dry in tree lengths, which reduces the cracking and only when they are ready for extraction sized for the various pole lengths and diameters. The extraction is under Matthew’s control ensuring that every pole is a handed load. No Bell three-wheelers are used infield to minimise stump damage ensuring a high coppice percentage is achieved. GxN2107’s harvested for the fencing and building pole market GxN2107’s harvested for the fencing and building pole market Pole sorting
8 All poles are sorted on the farm before delivery to ensure the quality of the poles meets the market requirements. The old tradition of mosaic planting is evident on the farm, a practice that is not always followed in forestry today. Sites due to be replanted have the species rotated, in this way Eucalyptus planted into an old Wattle compartment benefits from the nitrogen and vice versa. Wattle planted into old Eucalyptus compartments will replace the nitrogen used by the Eucalyptus – a practise that, as Matthew says has “no scientific proof but through observation and yield monitoring shows the benefit of doing it”. In the forefront, 6-month-old Pinus elliottii and the background showing the mosaic pattern of planting various species adjacent to each other. A well-constructed roads’ network is imperative, not only from a fire protection point of view, but also for the day-to-day operations being carried out. Considering the rains experienced this year, the roads on Fairfield Estates stood up well due to being well-constructed and maintained. Added to this, Matthew sweeps all the roads in winter so that they act as internal breaks that will assist in slowing down any ground fires occurring by breaking the continuous fuel load as well as making access for vehicles unhindered. Swept roads with well-constructed side drains. Weeding operations are carried out either by cultural methods or herbicides. The interrow is wind-boxed, the dying vegetation acting as a mulch layer, and the line hoed to reduce competition from weeds. Open areas are well maintained with the majority in a maintenance phase, burnt on a biannual basis to promote good quality grass growth for Matthew’s herd of Bonsmara x Brangus cattle. Those areas not part of the burning programme are grazed by the cattle to reduce the fuel load assisting in extinguishing a wildfire should it occur. Matthew’s Bonsmara x Brangus herd
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 9 Fire protection for a timber farmer is of the utmost importance and being ready for any fire event is critical. The correct and sufficient equipment with well trained staff are fundamental in ensuring area is not lost or kept to a minimum. Staff on Fairfield Estate are equipped with the correct PPE to protect them from the dangers of fire and trained so that they are aware of how to extinguish fires. One can never have enough water at a fire, for which Matthew has planned well with tractor drawn tenders and bakkie sakkies utilised with filler points around the farm available for quick and easy refilling. Biannual burn being undertaken on an open area in maintenance phase. Fairfield Estates fire crew. All landowners are aware of their social responsibility. Here Matthew employees his staff from the local community transported in daily. Between Matthew’s own operations and those of the harvesting contractor, there are 60 permanent employees at Fairfield Estates. Assistance is given to the local school by mowing all the school grounds and soccer field. The farm dam is opened to the local school’s for their annual fund-raising fishing competitions. Matthew has served as the Sevenoaks Fire Protection Office as well as being part of the Umvoti Agricultural Society’s committee, admitting that he’s never served on any industry forums. Matthew lives by his daily mantra of “If you do your very best every day, you have to succeed”. A closing comment made by Matthew: “It brings me immense joy that our sons, Jasper, and Felix, share the same love for the land. Watching them grow into the rhythm of farm life is one of my proudest experiences, and I hope to one day pass on Fairfield to them, just as it was passed down to me” The future of Fairfield Estate, Jasper and Felix Crowe.
10 2025 Annual General Meeting Jean Simpson – Manager Corporate Services Resilience has become synonymous with NCT’s identity. It’s hard to imagine our organisation without it. While the past five years have brought unprecedented challenges—COVID-19, civil unrest, floods, fires, and infrastructure failures— adversity is not new to us. In fact, it’s been a constant companion over our 70-year journey, shaping our character and fortifying our resolve. It’s this enduring spirit that enabled NCT to weather the storms of the last six years. At our 76th Annual General Meeting, one message rang loud and clear: forestry is not for the faint-hearted. Despite a tough year, there is a shared optimism for the future. Chairman Vern Schefermann and General Manager Danny Knoesen reflected on the year’s challenges and offered a glimpse of the opportunities ahead. This year saw the lowest export volumes since 2013, with only 16 vessels shipped. Knoesen unpacked the complexities of global markets— declining paper demand, expansion in China, reduced wood chip exports from Brazil—yet noted that wood chip prices have remained stable. The cyclical nature of the pulp and paper industry means we must remain agile, strategic, and ready to adapt. Chairman Schefermann highlighted significant improvements at the Richards Bay mill, including world-class operational upgrades and enhanced firefighting systems. Amidst extensive rebuilding efforts, NCT’s relatively strong position is a testament to the dedication of our employees, innovative thinking, and prudent financial management. Of course, the R400 million in insurance payouts provided a vital cushion. CFO Kerry Moffett reported a pre-tax profit of R140 million, and a notably stronger balance sheet, with current assets rising from R1.76 billion to R1.83 billion. These figures reflect not just recovery, but renewed momentum. So, what lies ahead? • NCT remains a preferred woodchip supplier, thanks to strong customer relationships and a reputation for ease of doing business. • Our new chipping mill in Richards Bay boasts improved efficiency and positions us well for future growth. • Exciting market opportunities are emerging, particularly in response to the constrained gum market. • Our dedicated staff and resilient member base continue to collaborate for mutual success. Guest speaker Dawie Roodt offered a thoughtprovoking perspective: farming, as we once knew it, no longer exists. It must evolve into a sophisticated, tech-driven enterprise where skills translate into economic value. NCT plays a vital role in helping members gain a competitive edge in the timber industry. Roodt also shared his vision for South Africa’s economic recovery: • Protect private property rights—including life, labour, and mobility—to foster investment confidence. • Enable free trade and deregulate markets, cutting red tape across labour, capital, and trade. • Maintain low inflation and stable currency, ensuring efficient resource allocation and preserving the Rand’s value. No AGM would be complete without celebrating our people. We honoured our long-serving members and congratulated our Tree Farmers of the Year: Fairfield Estates (Pty) Ltd (Commercial Grower) and Godi Isaac Nsele (Small-scale Grower). Rob Thompson paid tribute to Jeremy Carr, recipient of the SAIF Forester of the Year award, who recently retired after a distinguished career with NCT. We also welcomed Heiner Hinze to the NCT Board and bid farewell to Philip Day and Ant Gibbs, who retired after serving for more than 20 and 10 years respectively. Their leadership has been instrumental in NCT’s success over the past two decades. Each AGM is a moment to reflect. And while the odds are often stacked against us, one truth remains: as a co-operative, we thrive together.
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 11 Jean Simpson At the Fern Hill Hotel in the KZN Midlands – venue for the 76th NCT Annual General Meeting Jeremy Carr receives the Forester-of-the-Year award from Rob Thompson Guest Speaker – Dawie Roodt Vern Schefermann Danny Knoesen Kerry Moffett SPEAKERS
12 25 Years – Mark Filter, Friedel Keyser and MC Masuku 30 Years – Host Hellberg and Graham Neubert 35 Years – Gary Behn, Bruce MacKenzie and Deon Schroder 40 Years – Hein Smit 45 Years – L T Van Rooyen 60 Years – Ewald Kohne, Mark Meyer and Werner Meyer 60 and 55 Years – Gunther Kohne and Geoff Wolhuter 75 Years – Andrew Holley
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 13 75 Years Holley Brothers (Pty) Ltd Varty Farming R T Klipp 65 Years A A Surendorff Farms 60 Years E W Kohne 55 Years Concord Farming (Pty) Ltd Duvel Farming R F Gevers (Pty) Ltd Harum Trust Ivanhoe Farming Co. (Pty) Ltd L A van Rooyen Boerdery R H Kaiser (Pty) Ltd S N McMurray Van Rooyen Family Trust Geoffrey Wolhuter 50 Years R T Foster Hermannsburg School Trust 45 Years K R Basel E T Eggers Milford Estates CC Palm Ridge Estates CC Stephen Brand Family Trust L J van Rooyen Zenith Estates 40 Years Peter Bruyns R R Butcher Emseni Farming (Pty) Ltd Estate Late Filter F J Arcadia Estates Ntumeni P W Gevers Honeyfarm CC MG Farming CC Smit & Assoc. Transport Brokers CC Stainbank Bros Farming Trust B B Timbers H E Wellmann The Osgodsby Trust 35 Years CL Forestry (Pty Ltd Dulini Farming (Pty) Ltd Dulini Plantation CC Fair May Farms (Pty) Ltd CP Jansen van Vuuren A V Klingenberg t/a River Queen Traders MacKenzie Farms CC E R Meyer Nkondwana Farming The Bennidale Trust 30 Years Hillstream Estates Bergwood Farming (Pty) Ltd Philip de Wet Bunge C C Malowe A L Claassen Dunstone Timber & Fame Farm Elandspruit Farming Trust K H Kohne Matambo Farm CC Morelands Farms (Pty) Ltd Mavis Msomi Ntingweni Trading Trust RMJ Farming (Pty) Ltd Dr M O H Tatham Virginia Trust 25 Years Z K Chamane Eyethu Club D Craig Doornhoek Timber Co. (Pty) Ltd Eersteling Farm (Pty) Ltd Hubert Engelbrecht Fortmann Farming (Pty) Ltd Highland Timber CC Hardbetaald Boerdery (Pty) Ltd Erwin Hiesterman Johannes Hlela Intrac Timbers CC H J H Jansen van Rensburg KDK Boerdery E D Kriel Norfolk Produksies BK Zibuse Madlala Mahamba Forest CC M C Masuku Mojoville (Pty) Ltd Moll Boerdery Thabile Mthiyane Thokozile Ngcobo Olivar Dairy CC Oubas Bosbou Landgoed Edms Bpk Rosewood Farm CC SBS Logdistics (Pty) Ltd Thiele Holdings (Pty) Ltd Frans van Niekerk
14 Derek Rall, Charles Atkins, Lenny Naidoo, Blanchelle Terblanche, Christine Olivier Michael Day, Michelle Day, Philip Day Anthony and Robyn Gibbs Johann Ernst and André Ernst Innocent Dludla and Happiness Mthalane Bongani Mkhwanazi, Mkhulumeleni Mkhize, Bongani Gwala Jean Simpson, James Stegen, Danny Knoeson Bruce Goatley, Avi Hottie, Cliff Walton, Jeremy Carr, Merisha Bepat, Eric Msomi RETIRING BOARD MEMBERS
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 15 Peter Gevers and Clive Mattison Lwazi Ngqwebo, Gawie Van Dyk, Bruce Goatley Four NCTChairmen: Vern Schefermann, Harald Niebhur, Carl Seele and Philip Day Shelena Boonzaaier and Natasha Cluckie Rob Thompson and Jeremy Carr Zabelo Mtshali and Nikil Singh Ben Seele and Daan Steenkamp Andrew Mason and Vusi Dladla
16 From the General Manager As we move through the second half of 2025, global market dynamics continue to shift in ways that demand our attention and strategic foresight. The recent escalation of U.S. tariffs under President Trump has introduced new complexities into the global pulp and paper industry—an industry that, of course, exerts strong influence over our hardwood log sales and chip exports to Asia and Europe. The U.S. administration’s tariff policies have targeted imports from key trade partners, including China, Japan, Canada, and the EU. These measures have increased production costs for U.S. paper manufacturers, disrupted supply chains, and triggered retaliatory tariffs from affected countries. China, in particular, has responded with duties on U.S. goods, including pulp and paper products, reshaping trade flows and pricing strategies across Asia. For our customers, these developments carry varying degrees of exposure. Japanese buyers are relatively insulated from direct U.S. tariffs but are affected indirectly through global price volatility and supply chain adjustments. Japan’s pulp and paper sector remains stable, though cautious. Our current Japanese customers are exposed only through the broader economic impact and are not directly trading with the U.S. Chinese pulp producers, however, are more directly impacted. With tariffs increasing the cost of U.S. pulp imports, this could drive changes to their sourcing strategies. That said, our major Chinese customer currently has no direct exposure to the U.S. market. The price of fully bleached hardwood pulp remains a key barometer for our industry. Tariff-induced trade friction has led to margin compression and order delays for major pulp producers in both South America and China. Danny Knoesen
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 17 Our competitors in Chile, Australia, Vietnam, and Thailand are also navigating these shifts. Southeast Asian suppliers, in particular, continue to benefit from proximity to Asian markets and lower freight costs. As these forces play out, we continue to ensure that we remain relevant and competitive on the international stage. To that end, over the past few months, we have shifted significant focus to how the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) is influencing the sourcing strategies of major pulp and paper companies. We have long recognised that it is in our interests to work towards EUDR compliance. Over time, it has become clear that this is not just a strategic advantage, it is now a key imperative, and one we are actively integrating into our broader strategy, alongside the equally important drive to increase the volume of FSC-certified timber under the NCT banner. For background, the EUDR comes into effect for large companies on 30 December 2025. EU member states view this as a landmark policy aimed at eliminating deforestation-linked products from EU supply chains and markets. It covers wood and wood-derived products, requiring exporters and suppliers to prove that their goods are deforestation-free (no forest cleared after 31 December 2020), legally harvested, and fully traceable down to the geolocation of origin. This will require suppliers to provide geolocation data, legal compliance documentation, and risk assessments. Beginning in 2025, the EU Commission will benchmark countries—or parts of them— based on their deforestation risk, classifying them as low, standard, or high risk. Products from low-risk countries will be subject to a simplified due diligence procedure. Countries with high deforestation risk will face stricter scrutiny. Surprisingly, Brazil is currently classified as “standard risk”, while Russia and Myanmar are “high risk”. This classification affects inspection rates: 9% of shipments from high-risk countries must be checked annually, versus 3% from standard-risk countries. South Africa’s classification is not yet finalised, but our relatively strong forestry governance may place us in a favourable category, though this is not guaranteed. For NCT, this presents both a challenge and an opportunity. Our industry is already known for its structured plantation model and strong environmental governance. As we continue aligning with EUDR requirements—particularly around traceability and due diligence, where we’ve already made significant progress—we are positioning ourselves as a trusted, sustainable supplier to environmentally conscious global markets. Even our Japanese and Chinese customers are beginning to enquire about our level of compliance, which is a clear indication of the far-reaching impact EUDR is having on our industry. In addition to EUDR, we are also seeing a renewed surge in demand for higher levels of FSC certification, both in domestic and international markets, and across both Eucalyptus and Wattle supply chains. We are also actively working on compliance with the Sustainable Biomass Programme (SBP), which is particularly relevant to our growing involvement in energy-related markets. Many of our members will already be aware of these developments. We have been working closely with service providers such as CMO and AES to raise our available levels of FSC-certified timber. We have moved quickly to put the necessary resources and technology in place to support these initiatives. Compliance with EUDR, FSC, and SBP are now key cornerstones of NCT’s market-driven strategy in the short and medium term. It is in the interests of all members to take these developments into account as they plan their own paths forward in a rapidly evolving market. As always, we are here to guide and support our members through these transitions.
18 The economics of growing E. grandis x E. smithii hybrids Noxolo Ndlovu Research Scientist The novel E. grandis x E. smithii hybrids were developed to address the limitations associated with the planting of pure E. smithii. These hybrids allow for the establishment of areas previously unsuited to E. smithii while maintaining and/or improving its wood quality. At present, GS 211 is the only E. grandis x E. smithii hybrid commercially available at nurseries CPS Seedlings, Ezigro Seedlings, Sunshine Seedlings, and Sutherland Seedlings. In research trials, established across a range of site conditions, GS 211 has demonstrated superior growth when compared to E. smithii (Figure 1 and Table 1). Results from pulping studies indicate that GS 211 has excellent pulp and papermaking properties.
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 19 Financial calculations of growing E. smithii versus GS 211 show that GS 211 is a viable and productive alternative for the forestry business. Table 2 provides an economic comparison between the two. The calculations were based on the following assumptions and considerations: • Yield estimates for E. smithii were obtained from internal enumeration data, while estimates for GS 211 (good site’) were based on enumeration data taken at a 7-year-old block trial. The standard conversion of 0.83 was used to convert the estimated yield (MAI @ 37.959 m3/ha/yr * 10-year rotation) from m3 to tonnes (South African Forestry Handbook 2012). Yield for GS 211 ‘average’ and ‘marginal’ sites and site indices were estimates/assumptions. • The premium for E. smithii is R100/tonne and R50/tonne for GS 211. • Seedling and clone costs were obtained from a private commercial nursery. • Harvesting and short-haul costs were obtained from an internal costing model used for NCT farms. • Silvicultural costs were omitted since they will be standard across E. smithii and GS 211 stands.
20 While GS 211 offers superior growth and promises better financial returns, the hybrid has a lower density than E. smithii, hence the lower premium compared to E. smithii – E. smithii (595 kg m3) versus GS 211 density (532 kg m-3). The low density is a concern, especially to the main NCT customers in Asia as the wood chips must be transported over long distances and therefore the need for maximizing stowage capacity is a priority. Asian markets account for up to 63% of NCT’s E. smithii market share. The NCT Asians markets have however, in principle, agreed to allow a percentage of GS 211 to be mixed into E. smithii shipments. Ongoing efforts to find E. grandis x E. smithii hybrids with a high density have been successful. Field and laboratory surveys have confirmed that the hybrid B270 has a higher wood density (622 kg m-3) than E. smithii. Although B270’s growth performance is significantly lower than that of GS 211, it is comparable to E. smithii on ‘good’ E. smithii sites but better than E. smithii on sites considered marginal for E. smithii (Figure 3). B270 is a very good alternative to E. smithii on marginal sites and sites previously limited by Phytophthora. B270 is not commercially available yet but projections of the economic benefits of growing the hybrid are presented below (Table 3 and 4). The premium paid for B270 will be similar to that of E. smithii (R100/tonne) since the clone has a high density. All yield figures (tonnes/ha) are estimates based on B270’s performance in research trials. Figure 2: Yield of B270 versus E.Smithii in 8-year-old line trials (Commondale and Ingwe sites marginal for E.Smithii
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 21 While the E. grandis x E. smithii hybrid offers benefits of expanding areas established with plant material of increased site adaptability and superior wood properties, the hybrid, especially GS 211 should not be seen as a replacement of E. smithii. Due to the lower density, its planting should be limited only to areas previously unsuitable to E. smithii such as those with warmer temperatures (>17C) and/or susceptibility to Phytophthora. When planted, the hybrid can be established in areas with altitudes between 800 and 1300 m above sea level, or marginal E. smithii sites. Frost-prone areas and frost pockets should be avoided.
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24 In the world of forestry, where precision meets sustainability, Nondu Zondo’s story stands out — not only for her professional achievements, but for the quiet strength and intention that guide her journey. From her days as a Member Services Administrator to her recent appointment as Certification Officer at NCT, Nondu has walked a path marked by resilience, deep reflection, and an unwavering commitment to growth. Her journey at NCT began in 2023 when she was placed through Express Employment Professionals. The role gave her the opportunity to step into the forestry industry and support grower-focused operations. It was here that her interest in certification and sustainability emerged, particularly when she was selected to assist with the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) project. That experience opened her eyes to the broader impact of forestry — not just locally, but globally — and sparked a genuine passion for responsible forest management. As a Member Services Administrator, Nondu’s responsibilities were grounded in detail and accountability. From processing timber requests and delivery notes to managing grower payments and compiling EUDR polygons, her days were filled with purposeful work. It was in these everyday tasks that she refined the skills she now leans on communication, precision, and the ability to see how each small part fits into a larger system. Over time, her curiosity and commitment drove her to apply for several internal roles — three in total. The first two didn’t go as hoped, but she saw each attempt as an opportunity to learn. When the third opportunity arose, her persistence paid off, and she was offered the role of Certification Officer — a transition that felt like the natural next step in her evolving journey. Although she’s still transitioning into the position, her focus is clear: supporting the integrity of NCT’s supply chain, identifying compliance risks, and helping to strengthen certification systems across the organisation. She is part of the team driving NCT’s FSC and PEFC certification efforts and is contributing to the development of a robust Quality Management System. While she hasn’t fully occupied the new role yet, she is already deeply motivated by the impact her work has on sustainability and ethical forestry. For Nondu, being part of the Certification Team has been a personal milestone — a sign that her growth, effort, and passion are being recognised. The foundation for all of this was laid years earlier. After completing her matric at Russell High School, she pursued a Bachelor of Science in Forestry and Wood Sciences at Stellenbosch University. It was not an easy path — the language barrier alone posed a challenge, but she refused to let it define her experience. Through hard work and determination, she adapted and Nondu Zondo
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 25 excelled, earning a degree that would become the cornerstone of her career. Certification and sustainability were not just subjects she studied — they were values instilled in her from the beginning. Before entering the forestry sector, she took an unexpected detour into financial services. Working independently in a new city, she quickly qualified as a financial advisor, a bold move that taught her resilience, professionalism, and the importance of making the most of every opportunity. That experience, far from being wasted time, became a turning point. It instilled in her a self-belief that would carry her through future challenges. Raised in the northern part of Pietermaritzburg, Nondu grew up in a family that valued hard work, humility, and education. Her parents, who came from modest beginnings in Bulwer and Impendle, inspired her to dream beyond her circumstances. Her mother, in particular, remains a powerful role model — a woman who became an educator while raising children and creating a better life for her family. Her brother, a seasoned Comrades Marathon runner, continues to motivate her with his discipline and dedication. Surrounded by such a strong support system, Nondu learned to stay grounded, aim high, and push through even the most uncertain moments. Outside of work, she is drawn to music, nature, and personal development. Whether it’s listening to a favourite song, going for a run, or taking part in adventurous activities like skydiving and paragliding, she finds balance through movement and reflection. She’s also a firm believer in lifelong learning and can often be found reading about leadership and growth. Time with family keeps her rooted, and intentional living — being fully present wherever she is — helps her manage the balance between work and personal responsibilities. What motivates her most is knowing that her work contributes to something bigger — not just processes and systems, but meaningful change in the way forestry is practiced and sustained. Her aspirations include further study — a master’s degree and eventually a PhD — with a focus on forest certification, GIS, and forest finance. She sees these not just as academic goals, but as avenues to deepen her contribution to the industry. When asked what advice she would give to others, Nondu’s message is simple yet powerful: “Never underestimate the power of hard work, humility, and staying true to who you are. Your background doesn’t define your limits; it shapes your strength. Dream big, stay curious, and don’t be afraid to step outside your comfort zone.” Looking back, what she’s most proud of isn’t just the titles she’s earned or the milestones she’s reached. It’s the obstacles she’s overcome — from adapting to a challenging academic environment to navigating unfamiliar industries and cities. Each chapter of her story has added a layer of strength, clarity, and purpose. And through it all, she’s stayed grounded in who she is: someone who leads with curiosity, works with intention, and grows with heart. If she had to sum it up in one phrase, she would say: “From humble beginnings to meaningful impact.” And for those who have the privilege of working alongside her, it’s clear that this is just the beginning.
26 It all began in early 2018, in the local club, when one of my neighbours approached me. She spoke about a young man she believed had great potential and asked if I could help him through NCT. At the time, we didn’t have an open position, but after meeting Sphumelele, I saw what she meant. Sphumelele Thembinkosi Mlaba, born in Richmond, KZN, and raised on The Hill Farm, had grown up as an only child in a small family. Like many young people, he dreamed of achieving great things, but life’s path was uncertain. In 2017, just after matric, he began his forestry journey as a storeman at NCT Baynesfield. It was his first job, and he was still figuring out his place in the working world — but his positive attitude, reliability, and willingness to learn quickly stood out. At that time, NCT was going through a period of increased compliance demands — FSC requirements, health and safety obligations, and other legal standards. I saw an opportunity to create a storeman role that would not only help us manage daily stock control but also strengthen our compliance efforts. Sphumelele took on the challenge. He initially had ambitions of studying agriculture at Cedara, but we agreed that Saasveld might be a better fit. Unfortunately, he didn’t meet the criteria, so we shifted our focus to alternative development opportunities. One milestone was his driver’s license — a step that gave him more independence and turned him from “the walking hazard” into a real asset in our operations. As time went on, his commitment and capability became more evident. I began exploring training programmes that could support his growth, and by chance, LESH was launching a two-year Forestry Foreman course for SAPPI and Mondi in the Richmond area. They kindly made space for him. Around the same time, staff changes opened an admin clerk position at Baynesfield, which Sphumelele gladly accepted. This role gave him deeper exposure to forestry operations — both in the office and in the field. He attended short forestry-related courses, building a strong foundation for his career. Then came the big one: the Foreman Development Programme (SDP). Competing against participants from other companies, Sphumelele excelled, achieving the highest marks in the group — a moment of pride not only for him but for NCT as a whole. A few years later, another round of staff changes created an assistant forester position, and Sphumelele was my immediate choice. His good attitude, level-headed nature, resilience in tough times, and sense of humour made him an invaluable part of the team. Today, he serves as one of NCT Baynesfield’s foremen — a role he embraces with the same dedication and drive that have marked his journey from the very beginning. Reflecting on his path, Sphumelele says: “I never imagined I’d be felling trees one day, but forestry has given me a career I love. Through hard work, dedication, and the support of those who believed in me, I’ve grown from a storeman to a foreman. I’m still learning, still striving to be better, and I’ll always be grateful to NCT for investing in the life of a boy who just needed an opportunity to shine.” His Area Manager shares this message in recognition of his growth: “Congratulations to Sphume from Tree Farming. In an ever-evolving business world, leaders must constantly and holistically evaluate their most valuable commodity — human capital. Cherishing, developing, and retaining talent is not just important; it’s essential. When uncut gems pass your way, you hold onto them, polish them, and align them with the future and the organisation’s goals. Apparently, Pete O’Dell on Baynesfield has an eye for spotting such gems and has played this role in many people’s lives. Well done, Pete, and keep doing so.” TREE FARMING Sphume’s graduation day From Potential to Forestry Leader The Journey of Sphumelele Thembinkosi Mlaba
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 27 Bernice Thomas Bookkeeper Diederick Kleynhans Logistics Coordinator Graeme Harrison Planning Manager Nikil Singh Software Developer Peter Gevers Member Services Co-ordinator Sibongakonke Mngomezulu Member Services Co-ordinator Yandisa Madinga Software Developer Zanele Nzuza Receptionist NEW APPOINTMENTS
28 Pesticides are vital tools in the South African forestry industry for managing pests, diseases, and invasive species. However, their use comes with inherent risks to the health and safety of those who handle and apply them. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a critical management measure designed to minimise these risks. It is not simply a precaution; it is a legal and ethical obligation to protect the well-being of pesticide handlers and applicators. PPE: Your First Line of Defense Pesticide exposure can occur through skin contact, inhalation, ingestion, or eye contact. Even low-level, repeated exposure can lead to long-term health effects. PPE acts as a vital barrier, reducing the likelihood of such exposure and the severity of its consequences. In forestry, pesticide application is often carried out in outdoor, rugged environments, where exposure risks can be heightened by weather conditions and application methods like mist blowers or boom sprayers. As such, ensuring that the correct PPE is worn at all times is essential to reducing harm. The Label Is the Law Every pesticide registered for use in South Africa includes a legally binding label that outlines required PPE based on toxicological assessments. This label must be read and followed thoroughly before mixing, handling, or applying any pesticide. Typical PPE requirements on labels may include: • Chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile or neoprene) • Protective coveralls or long-sleeved clothing • Respiratory protection (such as a dust mask or full-face respirator) • Eye protection (safety goggles or a face shield) • Waterproof or chemical-resistant boots The label may also specify PPE for re-entry into treated areas or during disposal of containers and surplus product. Ignoring these instructions not only jeopardises health but constitutes a legal violation. Reading the label is non-negotiable. It is the legally binding instruction manual for every pesticide product and clearly outlines the specific PPE required at each stage—mixing, applying, reentering treated areas, and cleaning equipment. The label must be consulted before any work begins, even if the product is familiar. No assumptions should be made, as formulations and requirements can change. In the forestry context, additional guidance can be found on the TIPWG website, where Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and the Approved Pesticide List (APL) provide forestry-specific recommendations on safe use, PPE, and compliance. These resources support the label; they do not replace it. Ultimately, the label remains the primary legal authority, and reading it carefully is the most important safety step any handler or applicator can take. Legislation Supporting PPE Use In South Africa, multiple laws support and enforce the safe use of PPE when working with pesticides: • Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993) and the associated Hazardous Chemical Agents Regulations (2021) mandate that employers assess risks and provide appropriate PPE and training to mitigate chemical hazards in the workplace. • The Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Seeds and Remedies Act (Act 36 of 1947) governs the registration, distribution, and use of agricultural remedies, including ensuring pesticide labels provide necessary safety instructions, such as PPE requirements. These laws hold both employers and workers accountable for ensuring PPE is used appropriately and consistently. The Critical Role of PPE in Pesticide Handling and Application in the South African Forestry Industry TIPWG
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 29 Industry Guidance and Best Practice Beyond legal requirements, the forestry sector benefits from guidance provided by industry bodies like: • CropLife South Africa, which promotes responsible pesticide stewardship, including best practices for PPE use, product handling, and disposal. • The Timber Industry Pesticide Working Group (TIPWG), which supports sustainable pesticide management within the forestry sector. TIPWG’s website (www.tipwg.co.za) provides resources, safety updates, and practical advice on pesticide-related matters, including safe handling and environmental responsibility. Best Practices for PPE Use in Forestry • Inspect PPE Before Use: Ensure no damage or wear that could reduce effectiveness. • Ensure Proper Fit and Comfort: PPE must fit well to be effective, especially respirators and gloves. • Clean and Store PPE Correctly: Follow manufacturer guidelines and avoid crosscontamination. • Train and Supervise: Workers must be trained to understand the importance of PPE, how to use it correctly, and how to recognize signs of pesticide exposure. • Be Mindful of Heat Stress: Forestry work in PPE can increase the risk of heat exhaustion. Implement shaded rest areas and hydration breaks. Conclusion In the forestry industry, protecting forests and ecosystems must go hand in hand with protecting the people who care for them. PPE is a frontline defense that significantly reduces pesticide exposure and ensures compliance with legal and ethical standards. By prioritizing PPE use, guided by the pesticide label, national legislation, and resources from organisations like CropLife SA and TIPWG, we foster a safer, healthier workforce and a more responsible forestry sector. For more information on PPE and safe pesticide practices, visit: • CropLife SA • TIPWG • Department of Employment and Labour for OHS legislation and guidance.
30 If we are entirely honest as forestry practitioners and tree farmers, we would have to be the first to admit that the practice of forestry does alter the environment, limits biodiversity and changes the original landscape significantly. We can, and do, argue however, that the changes that we induce are “softer” than most other landscape changes. Here I’m thinking of developing cityscapes, major roadworks, industrialisation, intensive agriculture et al. So as a lifelong forester, what has made me think again of these fundamentals? Would you believe a Hadeda? Yes, the ubiquitous and raucous Hadeda or flying bin-rat that everyone loves to hate. In my case it was not Hadada’s in general that caused a deep thought process, but rather a single particular Hadeda which, as per an old classic western movie became known to us as “She with no name”. Around 14 years ago a namesake, but no relative, Dr Lindi Thompson (Ornithologist) requested permission to erect mist nets in our garden in order to capture Cape White Eyes for a metabolic study she was engaged in. During the capture process literally every avian visitor to our garden over a few days was netted and ringed along with two resident Hadedas. For months thereafter, a bird without a ring was a scarce sight. Gradually however, time and circumstance dictated a steady decline in ring sightings until eventually “She with no name” was the sole visible remnant of the catch and release exercise. We know she was a “she” as she was regularly seen doing the dirty with a partner on our lawn. “She with no name” became a daily visitor, who got us into the habit of feeding her a daily ration of dog blocks in the evening. This led to her establishing a nest in the Natal Mahogony close to our bedroom window and inviting her extended family and friends in to roost every night. From that point onwards there was no reason to set an alarm – and they say roosters start up early in the morning! “She with no name” literally had two sets of youngsters a year, every year, for fourteen years. She’d introduce us to the youngsters, and they’d hang around a few months before flying off towards their own destinies. It was during these observations that environmental realities became ever more apparent. Her 14 years with us were filled with paradox and drama. In her latter years she lived through the period of Covid and really thrived on the quietness of the neighbourhood. She became stressed and distant during the 2021 unrest with gunshots and smoke prevailing. Then came the devastating storms of 2021 and 2023 which trashed her roost, killed her kids and caused her to disappear for months, only to return bedraggled and eager to resume a daily dog block feed. Electric fences that appeared in the neighbourhood took their toll of another two of her offspring and a cold spell caused an almost fully fledged youngster to have to be rescued and rushed off to a local wildlife rehab centre due to exposure. Ja, it was just a Hadeda – don’t judge me! We often watched her and her family march up and down the lawn systematically annihilating the few remaining crickets left available. This gave us the sense that this group relied on our lawn for sustenance possibly given that so many open areas in the neighbourhod and beyond had been paved and developed. A major part of her foraging area on the racecourse next door for instance, had become a major indoor swimming arena, thereby putting paid to a rich insect repository. Rob Thompson – Assistant General Manager
NEWS & VIEWS • SEPTEMBER 2025 31 Anthropomorphic influence on wildlife remnants is not often noticeable unless one has a specific relationship or interest in something in the natural realm. Daily interaction with “She with no name” was making us inherently aware of just how climate change, human habits and encroachment and habitat change influence other species. Humans as apex inhabitants of this planet generally have scant regard for this influence and continue to “develop” to the eventual detriment of all (including themselves). My recent articles have made mention of high-tech developments in Forestry research illustrating the unlimited extent of human intellect. Boundless resourcefulness across infinite disciplines has placed humankind as the apex inhabitant of planet Earth and has contributed to an exponential population growth curve looking all the more like an out-of-control rocket careening towards an inevitable and destructive collision with a distant asteroid. If one supposes that the birthdates of the readership of this newsletter spans the period 1950 through to 2025, it is horrifying to note a population growth from 2.5 billion souls to well over 8.2 billion! In “She without a name’s” lifespan, the world’s population grew exponentially by some 2 billion people. That statistic has to resonate and cause some alarm bells to ring! Estimations are that converse to human growth, the Earth loses circa 66 000 tonnes of atmospheric mass per annum so – simply put – humans are rapidly running out of space! This one sees on a daily basis. Anyone noticed the traffic lately, or cities creeping inexorably into already dense suburbs? As foresters we experience ingress of people, litter, occupants, vehicles into our plantations literally every day. What we as humans don’t see enough of are innovations to try and halt or mitigate resource and habitat loss and to regulate human intersocial behaviour. Education curricula on all levels are also severely lacking in environmental protection and conservation-awareness programmes. One horrifying and little-known statistic that I recently read is that the world’s insect population has decreased by 73% since circa 1980. Rather than taking note of these declines, as apex beings, we choose rather to walk around with thumbs glued to a non-bio degradable mobile keyboard, pouting into a screen, all whilst buying bananas (already protected in a natural and biodegradable skin), packaged in durable plastic wrapper that will ultimately be discarded into the depleted landscape, take nigh on 700 years to degrade into microplastics to further infiltrate and irreversibly disrupt essential life sustaining systems. So, how clever are we actually? OK – so I feel much better after that rant! One of the last sightings we had of “She with no name” was of her frantically flying off to escape the terrifying stimulus of an inbound Hadeda with a plastic bag wrapped around its leg. The sound of the bag flapping in the wind as the carrier approached landing, terrified those foraging on the ground and they all took off sounding alarm calls. The scene was highly amusing but highly poignant at the same time. A Hadeda afflicted with a discarded plastic bag is really something that should not occur in nature in an ideal world, but no doubt is a common occurrence in reality. A few days after this event we discovered “She without name” deceased, below her nest in the Mahogany tree. It was a bittersweet moment. Bitter in the sense that our natural mentor would no longer patrol our lawn but sweet in the fact that she had met her end via natural causes. We had known her for 14 years and who knows how old she was at time of ringing. I would guess that that was not a bad innings for a Hadeda. She had overcome a lot of adversity and had survived. “She without name” saw a lot in her lifetime. We were fortunate to gain inherently from her experiences and contemplate the reasons for the occurrence of such. Thinking back on our interaction, her lifetime was a metaphor of human : environmental interaction. Not always pretty, not always sustainable, but always real. You and I will never be able to change the pace at which humankind is destroying the environment. What we can do is remain curious about that which is going on around us and actively try to understand better the dynamics unfolding. Useful metaphors are to be found everywhere and deep analysis of such makes our life so much more interesting and worthwhile despite the trajectory we are forced to take. What the Hadeda saw can teach us so much if we are receptive to learn!
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